Conjunctivitis in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye conditions in dogs and can affect their quality of life if not treated in time. From redness and discharge to itching and discomfort, symptoms can vary depending on the cause. In this blog, we will explain what conjunctivitis is, its types, symptoms, causes and how you can help your pet regain its well-being. Because at Waggy's we know that good eye health is key to your furry friend's happiness. Keep reading and learn how to take care of their eyes as they deserve!

What is conjunctivitis in dogs?

Conjunctivitis in dogs is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane that lines the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. This condition can be caused by a variety of reasons, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, trauma, foreign bodies, environmental irritants (such as smoke or chemicals), or problems such as autoimmune diseases or defects in the tear glands. If not treated properly, conjunctivitis can cause complications and affect a dog's vision.

Types and causes of conjunctivitis in dogs

Conjunctivitis in dogs can be classified into several types depending on its cause. The most common types and causes are:

• Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus. Dogs may develop purulent (yellowish or green) discharge and redness of the eye.
• Viral Conjunctivitis: Viral infections, such as adenovirus or canine herpesvirus, can also cause conjunctivitis, although these are less common in healthy dogs.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: Caused by allergic reactions to substances such as pollen, dust, cleaning products, or foods. Dogs with allergic conjunctivitis often show itching, redness, and a watery discharge. It is more common in dogs with other allergic conditions, such as dermatitis.
• Irritant conjunctivitis: This form is caused by exposure to irritants, such as smoke, chemicals, perfumes, or even wind or dry air.
• Conjunctivitis due to foreign bodies: Objects such as dust, sand, hair or any other particle that comes into contact with the eye can cause irritation and inflammation of the conjunctiva.
• Conjunctivitis due to structural problems: Some breeds of dogs, especially brachycephalic ones (such as Bulldogs and Pugs), are predisposed to eye problems due to abnormalities in the structure of the eye, such as folds in the eyelids or lack of proper tear drainage, which can lead to chronic conjunctivitis.
• Traumatic conjunctivitis: Injuries to the eye, such as scratches or bumps, can cause inflammation of the conjunctiva. It can also occur after eye surgeries or procedures.
• Conjunctivitis associated with systemic diseases: In rarer cases, conjunctivitis can be a symptom of systemic diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome or autoimmune diseases, which affect the glands that produce tears.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis in dogs

Symptoms of conjunctivitis in dogs can vary depending on the cause, but the most common ones include:

• Redness of the eye: The conjunctiva appears swollen and red.
• Eye discharge: May be watery, mucous, or purulent (yellow or greenish).
• Itching and rubbing: Dogs often rub their eyes with their paws or against surfaces due to discomfort.
• Excessive blinking: Also known as blepharospasm, the dog blinks continuously or keeps the eye half-closed.
• Swollen eyelids: The eyelids may appear swollen or bulging.
• Light sensitivity: Some dogs avoid direct light (photophobia).
• Dry or watery eyes: In some cases, the eyes may appear very dry or, on the contrary, have constant tearing.
• Behavioral changes: A dog with conjunctivitis may appear more listless or irritable due to eye discomfort.

If you notice one or more of these symptoms, it is important to take your dog to the vet to determine the cause and provide appropriate treatment. Ignoring conjunctivitis can lead to more serious complications, such as deep infections or damage to the cornea.

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How to cure conjunctivitis in dogs?

The cure for conjunctivitis in dogs depends on the cause and should be guided by a veterinarian. Generally, treatment includes the following steps:

• It is recommended to gently clean the affected eye with sterile saline solution or specific products recommended by the veterinarian to remove secretions and relieve irritation.
• If the conjunctivitis is bacterial, eye drops or ointments containing antibiotics are prescribed.
• If conjunctivitis is caused by allergies, the allergens in the dog's environment should be identified and eliminated.
• In case of foreign bodies, the veterinarian will remove them carefully.
• For conjunctivitis related to viral infections or autoimmune diseases, more specialized treatment, such as immunosuppressants or antivirals, may be required.
• It is important to prevent the dog from scratching or rubbing its eyes, which could make the condition worse. In some cases, an Elizabethan collar is recommended to protect the area while it heals.
• Your veterinarian may schedule checkups to ensure the treatment is working and there are no complications.

How long does conjunctivitis last in dogs?

The duration of conjunctivitis in dogs depends on the cause and how soon treatment is started. In mild cases, such as those caused by irritants or allergies, symptoms usually disappear within a few days with proper management. However, if conjunctivitis is bacterial or viral in origin, or is associated with problems such as dry eyes or autoimmune diseases, it can take weeks to completely resolve, requiring veterinary follow-up. It is crucial to treat conjunctivitis as soon as possible to avoid complications and speed recovery.

Can conjunctivitis in dogs be prevented?

Yes, conjunctivitis in dogs can be prevented in many cases by taking simple steps to protect their eyes and maintain their eye health:

• Eye hygiene: Regularly clean your dog's eyes with specific products or saline solution to remove dirt or secretions.
• Avoid irritants: Protect your pet from factors such as smoke, dust, pollen, and chemicals that can irritate their eyes.
• Regular checkups: Regular visits to the vet help detect, treat and prevent eye problems before they become conjunctivitis.
• Allergy Control: If your dog is allergic, identify the allergens and minimize exposure to them to reduce the risk of eye inflammation.
• Protection on walks: During walks or trips, prevent dust, sand or dirt particles from entering your dog's eyes.

Although not all causes of conjunctivitis can be prevented, these practices significantly reduce the risk and help keep your dog's eyes healthy and free of discomfort.

Is conjunctivitis in dogs contagious to humans?

In most cases, conjunctivitis in dogs is not contagious to humans, as it is usually caused by allergies, irritants, or problems specific to dogs. However, if conjunctivitis is bacterial or viral in origin, especially if caused by zoonotic pathogens such as Chlamydia or Leptospira, there is minimal risk of transmission. It is important to maintain good hygiene, such as washing your hands after handling a dog with conjunctivitis and avoiding direct contact with its eye secretions. If in doubt, consult a veterinarian or doctor to ensure the safety of your pet and yourself.

Conclusion

In conclusion, conjunctivitis in dogs is a common condition that, while generally not serious, can cause a lot of discomfort if not treated in time. Identifying symptoms early and going to the vet for a proper diagnosis is key to ensuring a quick and uncomplicated recovery. Maintaining good eye hygiene, protecting your pet from irritants, and offering quality care, such as Waggy's medical line of products, will help to help with eye problems and ensure their well-being. Take care of their eyes, because they look at you with love every day!