Kidney Failure in Dogs: Complete Guide 2025

Kidney failure in dogs is one of the most serious health conditions our furry companions can face, especially as they age. Is it possible for a dog with kidney failure to recover? How can we prevent this disease?

In this blog, we'll explain the different stages of kidney failure, how to diagnose it, and what can be done to treat and manage this condition. Proper nutrition and regular veterinary visits are essential, as is creating a calm environment that allows them to maintain their well-being. Discover how small changes and precautions can make a big difference.

What is kidney failure in dogs?

Kidney failure in dogs is a condition in which the kidneys stop functioning properly, preventing them from eliminating waste and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. This can lead to a buildup of toxins in the blood and seriously affect the dog's health.

Types of kidney failure

• Acute kidney failure : Acute kidney failure occurs suddenly, within hours or days. It is a serious condition that can develop rapidly and is life-threatening if not treated promptly. Common causes include poisoning, severe infections, extreme dehydration, heat exhaustion, or problems that reduce blood flow to the kidneys. The good news is that, if detected early and treated promptly, this form of kidney failure can be reversible in some cases. However, reversibility depends on the speed of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the underlying cause.

• Chronic kidney failure : Chronic kidney failure, on the other hand, develops slowly and progressively over time. It is more common in older dogs and is usually related to natural wear and tear on the kidneys due to age, although it can also be a result of hereditary diseases, repeated kidney infections, or previously untreated problems. This form of failure has no cure, but can be controlled with proper care, dietary changes, supplements, and treatments that help improve the dog's quality and length of life.

What causes it?

• Natural aging : Natural aging is one of the main causes of kidney failure in dogs, as over time, the kidneys lose their ability to properly filter waste from the body. In addition to maintaining hydration and maintaining regular veterinary checkups, it's important to support other areas affected by age, such as mobility. In this sense, natural dog treats like Waggy's Mobility are a great ally for older dogs, as their formula with collagen, turmeric, and chondroitin is designed to maintain healthy joints and improve quality of life during this stage. An older dog that moves more easily is more eager to eat, play, and stay active, which also indirectly benefits their kidney health.

• Bacterial or viral infections : Diseases such as leptospirosis or severe urinary tract infections can damage kidney tissue if not treated promptly.

• Poisoning : Ingestion of toxic substances such as antifreeze, human medications, poisonous plants, or dangerous foods (such as grapes or raisins) can cause acute kidney damage.

• Hereditary or congenital diseases : Some breeds may have a genetic predisposition to developing kidney problems from a young age.

• Urinary stones or blockages : Obstruction of urine flow can increase pressure on the kidneys and damage them over time.

• Trauma or low blood flow : Severe blows, complicated surgeries, or conditions such as shock can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, affecting their function.

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Symptoms

Some of the symptoms your pet may present are the following:

• Increased water consumption and urination frequency

• Loss of appetite

• Vomiting and nausea

• Weight loss

• Lethargy or weakness

• Bad breath with an ammonia odor

• Mouth ulcers

• Dehydration

• Diarrhea (sometimes with blood in advanced cases)

• Seizures or disorientation (in very advanced stages)

What are the stages?

Chronic kidney failure is classified into stages according to the severity of kidney damage, generally following the IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) guidelines:

• Stage 1 – Early or Silent : The dog may not show any visible symptoms. Although blood creatinine levels are still normal or slightly elevated, there is already some degree of kidney damage. It can only be detected with very specific blood and urine tests.

• Stage 2 – Mild : Very subtle symptoms begin to appear, such as drinking more water or urinating more than usual. Kidney function is reduced, and tests show a mild increase in creatinine levels and other markers.

• Stage 3 – Moderate : Symptoms become more evident: loss of appetite, vomiting, weakness, and bad breath. Kidney damage is significant, and stricter management with a special diet and medical treatment is required.

• Stage 4 – Severe or Terminal : This is the most advanced stage. The dog may be very weak, with frequent vomiting, dehydration, mouth ulcers, and in some cases, seizures. At this stage, kidney function is severely compromised, and the prognosis is usually guarded.

Detecting the stage of kidney failure in a dog is key to offering the appropriate treatment and improving their quality of life. Therefore, it's essential to consult a trusted veterinarian if your pet changes anything, even if they seem minor. Vet visits can be stressful for some dogs, especially if they're no longer feeling well or are more sensitive due to age. To help make these moments more peaceful, you can rely on Waggy's CBD Oil for Dogs , specially formulated for dogs. Its use can help reduce stress and anxiety, facilitating more comfortable and positive management during medical appointments and exams.

How is it diagnosed?

The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical tests:

• Blood tests : To assess levels of urea, creatinine, phosphorus and other indicators of kidney function.

• Urine analysis : Measures the concentration of urine (urine specific gravity) and detects the presence of protein, blood, or infection.

• Imaging tests : Such as ultrasounds or X-rays, to look at the size, shape, and overall condition of the kidneys.

• SDMA (symmetrical dimethylarginine) : A newer, more sensitive test that can detect kidney problems even in very early stages.

Treatment for kidney failure in dogs

• Specialized diet : A diet low in phosphorus, sodium, and high-quality protein is key to reducing the workload on the kidneys and helping control disease progression.

• Fluid therapy : Intravenous or subcutaneous fluids help maintain hydration, eliminate toxins, and balance electrolytes in dogs with kidney failure.

• Medications as appropriate : Medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure, reduce vomiting, protect the stomach, stimulate appetite, or treat anemia, depending on the symptoms and stage.

• Kidney supplements : Some supplements may support kidney function, improve phosphorus metabolism, or protect kidney tissue. They should always be prescribed by a veterinarian.

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Caring for a dog with kidney failure

• Always water: A dog with this condition must have constant access to fresh, clean water, as hydration is essential to support kidney function.

• Frequent veterinary visits: Regular checkups allow for treatment adjustments, monitoring of disease progression, and early detection of any complications.

• Calm and stress-free environment: Reducing stress is key to the overall well-being of a dog with kidney failure. A calm environment, free from excessive noise and with a stable routine, can make a big difference. To support this emotional balance, you can supplement with Waggy's RELAX dog supplements , which combine natural ingredients such as chamomile, valerian, and L-theanine. This supplement is designed to help reduce anxiety and promote a calm state, ideal for dogs facing medical treatments, veterinary visits, or simply needing a boost during times of heightened sensitivity.

• Appetite and weight control: Loss of appetite is common, so it's important to monitor how much your child eats, offer appetizing foods (within the recommended diet), and discuss whether they need appetite suppressants.

Can a dog with kidney failure recover?

It depends on the type. In cases of acute kidney failure, if detected early and treated appropriately, the dog may make a partial or complete recovery. Chronic kidney failure, on the other hand, has no cure, but with early diagnosis, medical treatment, and special care, the dog's quality of life can be significantly improved and the progression of the disease slowed.

What should your diet be like?

A dog's diet with kidney failure should be low in phosphorus, sodium, and hard-to-digest proteins, but rich in healthy fats, antioxidants, and high-quality protein in controlled amounts. It should also be tasty and easy to digest to stimulate appetite and maintain body weight.

Conclusion

Kidney failure in dogs is a serious condition, but with proper management and veterinary care, your pet can live a relatively comfortable and quality life. Treatment for this disease is an ongoing process that includes dietary changes, fluid management, and supplements. Don't forget that emotional support also plays a key role in their well-being. Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the best course of action for your dog.