Epileptic Seizures in Dogs: Complete Guide 2025

Epileptic seizures in dogs can be scary for both them and us as owners, but understanding them better is the first step to being able to help our pets live happy and healthy lives. If you've ever wondered why does my dog ​​get epilepsy? or how can I tell if my dog ​​is having an epileptic seizure?, this article is for you. In it, we'll explain what epileptic seizures are, their most common symptoms, and how you can help your dog during and after an episode. We'll also talk about how to prevent them, and how some natural products, like Waggy's HEMP oil, can be of great support in managing the stress and anxiety that sometimes accompany these disorders. Read on to find out how to give your furry friend the support they need to overcome these challenges!

What is epilepsy in dogs?

Epilepsy in dogs is a complex brain disease characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures or epileptic crises, resulting from abnormal activity in the brain's neural networks. These crises can range from brief episodes of strange behavior, repetitive involuntary movements in some part of the body, to generalized seizures with loss of consciousness and uncontrolled movements.

Types of epilepsy in dogs.

• Idiopathic Epilepsy: Idiopathic epilepsy is the most common form of the disorder in dogs and usually has no identifiable cause through medical testing. It is thought to have a genetic component and most often affects certain breeds such as the Belgian Shepherd, Petit Basset Griffon, Boxer, Irish Wolfhound, English Springer Spaniel, Vizla, Bernese Mountain Dog, Standard Poodle, German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever, Beagle, and Border Collie. Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy typically have recurrent seizures with no other signs of illness. These seizures can appear between six months and five years of age, and although they can vary in severity, dogs usually lead normal lives with proper treatment.
• Structural epilepsy: Previously known as secondary or symptomatic epilepsy, this occurs as a result of some condition affecting the brain. This can include head trauma, tumors, central nervous system infections (such as meningitis or encephalitis), or structural abnormalities in the brain. Since it has an identifiable cause, treatment focuses on addressing both the seizures and the underlying problem. This type of epilepsy can occur at any stage of a dog's life and requires a full diagnosis, including tests such as blood tests, CT scans, or MRIs.
• Reactive epilepsy: Reactive epilepsy is not a disease in itself, but rather a response by the brain to an external problem, such as metabolic or toxic imbalances. Common causes include hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), liver failure, kidney failure, or poisoning by substances such as pesticides or chemicals. Unlike other types, this form of epilepsy can resolve if the cause is treated, but if the problem persists, seizures could permanently damage the brain.

You may be interested in: stroke in dogs .

Each type of epilepsy requires a specific approach, so a proper veterinary diagnosis is essential to determine the best treatment and management for your dog. If your dog is feeling stressed or anxious, especially before visits to the vet, Waggy's CBD Olive Oil for Dogs can be a great option to help calm their nervousness. CBD, known for its relaxing and anti-inflammatory properties, can be an ally in managing stress and anxiety in dogs. Additionally, for those dogs suffering from epilepsy, CBD can act as an aid in treatment, helping to reduce the frequency and intensity of epileptic seizures. By incorporating this natural oil into your pet's routine, you are not only contributing to their emotional well-being, but also supporting their overall health in a safe and effective way. Make every visit to the vet a calmer experience for your furry friend!

Read more about: how long does the CBD effect last in dogs and its benefits.

Types of epileptic seizures in dogs

When we say “epileptic seizures” we refer to short episodes with convulsions or with motor, autonomic or behavioral characteristics, due to abnormal activity of brain neurons.

These epileptic seizures can occur throughout the body or in one area, which is why they are classified as generalized and focal.

Focal epileptic seizures may present as:

• Motor: These present as facial spasms, repeated head jerks, rhythmic blinking, involuntary movements of the facial muscles, or repeated movements of a limb.
• Autonomic: In which the parasympathetic and epigastric nerve branches are affected (e.g., dilated pupils, hypersalivation or vomiting).
• Behavioural: A psychological and/or sensory phenomenon is observed, represented as a short-term change in behaviour (e.g. anxiety, restlessness, unexplained fear reactions, abnormal demands for attention or excessive attachment to the owner).

Generalized epileptic seizures may present as tonic, clonic, or tonic-clonic seizures:

• Tonic: An increase in muscle contraction lasting from a few seconds to minutes.
• Myoclonic: Involuntary, sudden and brief contractions (lasting less than 100 msec) of a single muscle or muscle groups.
• Clonic. Myoclonus that is repeated regularly at a frequency of approximately 2-3 seconds, involves the same muscle group and is prolonged.
• Tonic-clonic: A sequence composed of a tonic phase followed by a clonic phase. Variants such as clonic-tonic-clonic may be observed.

Why do dogs get epilepsy?

Epilepsy in dogs can be due to a variety of causes, depending on the type of epilepsy they have:

• Genetic factors: Although it is the least frequent cause, some breeds have a greater genetic predisposition to suffer from this condition, such as the Lagotto Romagnolo, Belgian Shepherd and South African Boerboel. Although there is no obvious physical cause, it may be due to alterations in development, or disorders in the electrical connections of the brain that make them prone to seizures.
• Secondary diseases: Secondary epilepsy occurs when there is a condition that damages the brain, either due to trauma, infections or vascular disorders that affect its normal functioning.
• Metabolic imbalances or toxins: Reactive epilepsy occurs when the brain responds to external factors that alter its chemical or structural balance.
• Older age: Older dogs can develop epilepsy due to degenerative changes in the brain.
• Congenital problems: Brain malformations present from birth, such as hydrocephalus, which mainly affect small breeds such as the Chihuahua or the French Bulldog.

In many cases, epileptic seizures are the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the cause with the help of a veterinarian, who will perform tests such as blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid tests, imaging studies (MRI or CT) and electroencephalograms to properly diagnose and treat the dog's epilepsy.

Symptoms of epileptic seizures in dogs

Epileptic seizures in dogs can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, depending on their severity and type. Below, Waggy's shares the general symptoms that are usually observed during and around an epileptic seizure:

• Before the attack, the dog may show signs of anxiety or unusual behaviors, such as:
• Restlessness or nervousness.
• Crying, moaning, or barking for no apparent reason.
• Trying to hide or seek the company of its owner in an insistent manner.
• Repetitive movements such as licking lips or walking in circles.
• Epileptic seizures can vary in intensity, but common symptoms include:
• Loss of consciousness
• Muscle contractions
• Muscle stiffness
• Spasms or jerks
• Excessive drooling
• Chewing movements
• Incontinence
• Irregular breathing
• After the attack, the dog may show confusion and exhaustion. Common symptoms include:
• Disorientation
• Extreme fatigue
• Anxiety
• Temporary loss of vision or hearing
• Continuous drooling or excessive thirst.

You may be interested in: my dog ​​drools a lot with foam .

How do epileptic seizures start in dogs?

Epileptic seizures in dogs usually begin with a phase called preictal or aura, in which the dog shows behavioral changes. This phase can last from a few seconds to minutes before the epileptic seizure is triggered, which begins abruptly with muscle contractions, rigidity, or involuntary movements, depending on the severity of the attack.

How long does an epileptic seizure last in dogs?

The length of an epileptic seizure in dogs can vary, but seizures typically last between 2 to 3 minutes. In milder seizures, seizures may be brief and last only a few seconds, while in severe cases, such as status epilepticus, seizures may extend from 5 to 30 minutes or may repeat without the dog fully recovering between episodes. The latter case is a medical emergency and requires immediate veterinary attention, as prolonged seizures can cause brain damage, serious metabolic problems, or even be fatal if not treated in time.

Treatment for epileptic seizures in dogs

Treatment for epileptic seizures in dogs should be guided by a veterinarian, who will assess the cause and severity of the seizures to determine the appropriate approach. During a seizure, it is important to remain calm, ensure that the dog does not injure itself by moving nearby objects, and avoid touching its mouth or trying to restrain it. After the episode, the dog should be allowed to rest and any abnormal symptoms should be observed. The veterinarian will be able to establish a management plan that includes lifestyle adjustments and, if necessary, specific treatments to control the seizures and improve its quality of life.

How to control epileptic seizures in a dog?

Before the seizure: If you notice signs before a seizure, it's best to stay calm and prepare a safe environment for your dog. Remove dangerous or sharp objects from the area, turn off bright lights or loud sounds that could aggravate the situation, and stay nearby to provide support. Speaking to your dog in a calm voice can help reduce stress. While it's not always possible to prevent a seizure, creating a calm environment can minimize the risk of injury when it does occur.

During the epileptic attack: It is essential not to panic during the episode. Do not try to hold the dog or touch its mouth, as you could hurt yourself or make its condition worse. Place it on the floor in a space free of dangerous objects and, if possible, place something soft, such as a pillow or blanket, under its head to protect it. Make sure that the dog is in a side position to prevent it from choking on saliva. Observe and visually document how the attack looks as this will help us in the veterinary consultation: if it exceeds 5 minutes, there are repeated convulsions or after the attack, the dog still does not regain consciousness, seek immediate veterinary attention, as it could be an emergency.

After the seizure: After the seizure, your dog will likely be disoriented, tired, or anxious. Give him space to recover and avoid moving him unnecessarily. Provide a quiet environment with dim lighting and no loud noises. You can offer him fresh water if he seems interested, but don't force him to eat or engage in activities until he has stabilized. During this phase, it's important to observe his behavior and note details of the episode, such as duration, specific movements, and any factors that preceded it, to report to your veterinarian at your next appointment.

How to prevent epileptic seizures in a dog?

Completely preventing epileptic seizures in dogs can be difficult, especially if the epilepsy is idiopathic or genetic. However, some steps can help reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. Keeping your dog in a calm, stress-free environment is key, as stressors can trigger seizures. Also, making sure your dog has a balanced diet, enough exercise, and weight control can contribute to his overall well-being. Avoiding exposure to toxins, such as chemicals or dangerous foods, is also important. In cases of secondary epilepsy, treating any illnesses, such as infections or metabolic imbalances, can prevent additional seizures. Most importantly, follow the recommendations of a veterinarian, who might prescribe anti-seizure medications if necessary to control the episodes and improve the dog's quality of life.

Is your dog full of energy and doesn't know what to do with it? Waggy's CRAZY BALL is the perfect solution to keep him entertained, active and happy! This automatic, bouncing ball, which also has LED lights, is designed to offer continuous cognitive stimulation, guaranteeing hours of fun and exercise! Made of highly durable natural rubber, it can withstand even the most playful and destructive dogs - forget about broken toys! Plus, it's waterproof, easy to clean and has a rechargeable function so the play never stops. With three interactive modes and LED lights, your dog will stay motivated and happy - even in the dark! Make every moment of play an adventure with Waggy's Crazy Ball! Discover our toys for dogs and cats .

Can a dog die from an epileptic seizure?

Yes, a dog can die from an epileptic seizure, but this is relatively rare and usually occurs in extreme cases. The most serious cause would be status epilepticus, a condition in which seizures last longer than 5 minutes or are repeated without the dog recovering between them. This can lead to permanent brain damage, respiratory problems, and severe metabolic imbalances that, if not treated quickly, can be fatal. In addition, constant seizures can cause decreased oxygenation of the brain and damage to other organs. However, with proper management, including anti-seizure medication and veterinary monitoring, many dogs with epilepsy can lead relatively normal and healthy lives. It is important to seek veterinary care immediately if seizures are frequent or very severe.

Conclusion

In short, epileptic seizures in dogs can be scary, but with proper diagnosis and timely management, many dogs can lead happy, active lives. If your pet is having seizures, the most important thing is to stay calm, monitor the situation, and consult a veterinarian to determine the best treatment. Remember that every dog ​​is unique, and with the right support, your furry companion can continue to enjoy moments of fun and affection. Your veterinarian and Waggy's are the best allies to give your dog the well-being he deserves!